All grammar topics

The Present Tense (Präsens)

A1

One tense covers both 'I learn' and 'I am learning'. Master sein and haben first, then the regular pattern.

The regular pattern

Regular (weak) verbs keep their stem and add personal endings. Learn the endings once and you can conjugate hundreds of verbs. The 'ich' and 'er/sie/es' forms are usually the same — two for the price of one.

lernen — to learn
PersonFormEnglish
ichlerneI learn / I am learning
dulernstyou learn (informal)
er / sie / eslernthe / she / it learns
wirlernenwe learn
ihrlerntyou all learn
sie / Sielernenthey learn / you learn (formal)

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich lerne Deutsch, und du lernst Spanisch.

I am learning German, and you are learning Spanish.

Er lernt schnell, aber wir lernen langsam.

He learns quickly, but we learn slowly.

Tipp: Six persons, but only four distinct forms — German giving you a break.

The two verbs you need most: sein and haben

These are irregular and must be memorized — they appear in almost every conversation and in all perfect-tense forms later. Sing them in the shower if you must; it is a classic technique for a reason.

sein (to be) and haben (to have)
Personseinhaben
ichbinhabe
dubisthast
er / sie / esisthat
wirsindhaben
ihrseidhabt
sie / Siesindhaben

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich bin müde, aber ich habe keine Zeit zum Ausruhen.

I am tired, but I have no time to rest.

Seid ihr Studenten? — Nein, wir sind Azubis.

Are you students? — No, we are trainees.

Tipp: Seid is only 'ihr' — never mix it up with 'sind'.

Stem-changing verbs: the a→ä family

Some strong verbs change their stem vowel in the du and er/sie/es forms: a → ä (fahren → du fährst), e → i (sprechen → du sprichst). If the verb is irregular, the change happens exactly in those two forms — nowhere else. This is German being fair for once.

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich fahre nach Berlin. Meine Schwester fährt auch.

I'm going to Berlin. My sister is going too.

Tipp: ich fahre, du fährst, sie fährt — only two forms change.

Sprichst du Englisch? — Ja, aber ich spreche lieber Deutsch.

Do you speak English? — Yes, but I prefer speaking German.

Er nimmt den Bus, und du nimmst die Bahn.

He takes the bus, and you take the train.

Tipp: nehmen is the poster child of e→i: du nimmst, er nimmt.

Pro tip: talking about right now

German has no separate 'am doing' form — 'Ich lerne' covers it. To emphasize that something is happening this very minute, add 'gerade': 'Ich lerne gerade Deutsch.' Colloquial German even invented an ongoing form, 'Ich bin am Lernen' — you'll hear it in the west and south; understand it, but keep 'gerade' in your own speech.

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich lerne gerade Deutsch, ich rufe dich später an.

I'm learning German right now, I'll call you later.

Tipp: gerade = right now: your everyday 'progressive' marker.

Was machst du gerade? — Ich koche gerade.

What are you doing right now? — I'm cooking.