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Prepositions: Where, When, and With Whom

A1

in, mit, nach, zu and friends — the little words that connect your sentences to the world.

Three groups, by case

German prepositions each demand a case, and the good news is they never change their minds. Four want the accusative, a handful always want the dative, and three big ones — in, an, auf — want either, depending on direction (more in the dative lesson). Learn each preposition WITH its case and you'll never have to think about it again.

The A1 preposition toolbox
GroupMembersExample
Accusativefür, ohne, gegen, umEin Kaffee für mich, ohne Zucker.
Dativemit, nach, aus, zu, bei, von, seitIch komme aus Kanada, ich fahre mit dem Bus.
Either (direction!)in, an, aufIch gehe in die Stadt. Ich bin in der Stadt.

Beispiele — examples in context

Das Geschenk ist für meinen Vater, von meiner Schwester.

The present is for my father, from my sister.

Tipp: für + accusative, von + dative — two groups in one sentence.

woher, wo, wohin — the three wheres

German splits 'where' into three questions, and each has its own preposition family. woher (from where) → aus: 'Ich komme aus Italien.' wohin (to where) → nach for cities and most countries ('Ich fahre nach Berlin'), zu for people and specific places ('Ich gehe zum Arzt, zu Anna'). wo (where) → dative forms: 'Ich bin bei Anna zu Hause.'

Beispiele — examples in context

Woher kommst du? — Ich komme aus Spanien.

Where are you from? — I'm from Spain.

Tipp: aus = origin. You've been saying this since lesson one — now you know the system behind it.

Wohin gehst du? — Zum Supermarkt. Und danach nach Hause.

Where are you going? — To the supermarket. And after that, home.

Tipp: zu dem → zum for places; nach Hause is fixed — 'home' takes nach and no article.

Time and being at someone's place

You already use the time prepositions from the numbers lesson: am for days and times of day, um for clock times, im for months. Add 'bei' for being at a person or place ('Ich bin bei Anna', 'beim Arzt') and 'von ... bis ...' for ranges ('von Montag bis Freitag'), and your calendar is fully German.

Beispiele — examples in context

Am Samstag bin ich bei meinen Großeltern, und Sonntag von elf bis fünf im Museum.

On Saturday I'm at my grandparents', and on Sunday in the museum from eleven to five.

Tipp: am, bei, von ... bis, im — five prepositions in one perfectly normal sentence.

Pro tip: the contractions are your friends

Germans weld the frequent pairs together: in dem → im, an dem → am, zu dem → zum, zu der → zur, bei dem → beim, von dem → vom. You already say 'im Mai' and 'am Montag' without thinking. When the welded form exists, use it — 'zu dem Bahnhof' sounds as stiff in German as 'I am going to the the station' does in English.

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich bin beim Arzt und fahre danach zum Bahnhof.

I'm at the doctor's and then I'm going to the train station.

Tipp: beim, zum — the contracted forms are the normal forms.