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The Dative: The Case of Giving and Helping

A2

The indirect object, the case after mit and zu, and the reason 'Ich helfe dem Mann' never uses den.

The receiver of the action

The dative marks the beneficiary: to whom something is given, shown, or said. 'Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch' — the book is the direct object (accusative), the man is the receiver (dative).

Articles by case — dative joins the team
Casem.f.n.Plural
Nominativederdiedasdie
Accusativedendiedasdie
Dativedemderdemden + -n

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich schenke meiner Mutter eine Blume.

I'm giving my mother a flower.

Tipp: Flower = accusative (given), mother = dative (receiver).

Er hilft dem Kind mit den Hausaufgaben.

He helps the child with the homework.

Tipp: helfen is one of the dative verbs — always dem, never den.

The dative gang: mit, zu, bei, nach, von, seit

These prepositions always take the dative — no exceptions, ever. Together with the dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, gehören, antworten, passen), they make the dative the second most visible case in German life.

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich fahre mit dem Bus zur Arbeit.

I take the bus to work.

Tipp: mit + dem Bus (dative), zu + der Arbeit (zur, dative).

Seit einem Jahr wohne ich bei meiner Tante.

For a year now I've been living with my aunt.

Tipp: seit + dative, bei + dative. Two for the price of one sentence.

The plural -n: a small price for clarity

Dative plural nouns add -n if they don't already end in one: die Kinder → mit den Kindern, die Bücher → mit den Büchern. This little suffix is why German listeners can instantly tell whether something is being given to many people rather than about many people.

Beispiele — examples in context

Der Lehrer gibt den Schülern die Bücher zurück.

The teacher gives the books back to the students.

Tipp: den Schüler-n: plural, dative, and the -n flag on top.